Tenses : The Short Description

Tenses terbagi antara lain Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous, dengan rumus
berturut-turut yaitu: Verb = Simple Verb,
Verb = Be + V-ing, Verb = Have + V3, Verb = Have+Been+V-ing.

Contoh:
PRESENT (V1)
SIMPLE : Verb = Simple Verb = S + V1 + O
Bob always watches TV everyday
Now,today, everyday, dst.
CONTINUOUS : Verb = Be + V-ing = S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
Ann is sleeping right now.
Now, at this time, at the moment, in progress, dst.

PERFECT
Verb = have + V3 : S+Have/Has+V3+O
I have already eaten
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Verb = Have + Been + V-ing : S+Have/Has+Been+V-ing+O
Jim has been studying for two hours
Keterangan waktu:Dianggap tidak penting sehingga sering tidak
Umumnya tidak ada/dicantumkan.

PAST ( V2 )
SIMPLE = Verb = Simple Verb : S + V2 + O
Bob watched TV last night.
CONTINUOUS = Verb = Be + V-ing : S + was/were + V-ing + O
Ann was sleeping when i came to her house

keterangan waktu yang sering dipakai dalam past continuous
When + simple past
Yesterday, last night, two days ago,dst.
While + past continuous

PAST PERFECT = Verb = have + V3 : S+Had+V3+O
I Had eaten when my friend arrived.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS = Verb = Have + Been + V-ing : S+Had+Been+V-ing+O
Jim had been studying for two hours when I finished my work.

keterangan waktu Past Perfect Before + simple past

keterangan waktu: Past Perfect Continuous by the time + simple past




FUTURE ( WILL+VERB )
SIMPLE = Verb = Simple Verb : S + Will/{[is/am] + going to} + Infinitive + O
Bob will watch TV tonight.
keterangan waktu:Tomorrow,tonight, next year, dst.
CONTINUOUS = Verb = Be + V-ing : S + will + be + V-ing +O
Ann will be sleeping by the time I come to her house.
keterangan waktu: when + Simple present
By the time + Simple present

FUTURE PERFECT
Verb = have + V3 : S+will+Have+V3 +O
I will have eaten by the time my friend arrived.
keterangan waktu:Before + simple present
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Verb = Have + Been + V-ing : S+will+have+Been+V-ing+O
Jim will have been studying for two hours when I finish my work.
keterangan waktu:by the time + simple present


Catatan:
• keterangan waktu diatas hanya merupakan sebagian contoh.
• SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES dapat dinyatakan dengan PRESENT CONTINUOUS dan SIMPLE
PRESENT.
• WILL digunakan untuk peristiwa yang spontan terjadi;
• BE GOING TO PRESENT CONTINUOUS untuk kegiatan yang direncanakan;
• SIMPLE PRESENT untuk kegiatan yang terjadwal akan dilakukan di masa depan.
• Ada kata-kata kerja (Verb) yang tidak pernah dinyatakan dalam bentuk-lng (V-ing) dengan makna Continuous (sedang dilakukan/sedang berlangsung).
Kata-kata kerja tersebut antara lain
1. MENTAL STATE
know, believe, imagine, want, realize, feel, doubt, need,understand suppose, remember, prefer,
recognize, think*, forget, mean
2. EMOTIONAL STATE
love, hate, fear, mind, like, dislike, envy, care, appreciate
3. POSSESSION
possess, have*, own belong
4. SENSE PERCEPTIONS
taste*, hear, see*, smell*, feel*
5. OTHER EXISTING STATE
seem, cost, be*, consist of ,look* ,over, exist, contain,
appear*, weigh*, include
Kata kerja yang berasterik (*) juga bisa digunakan dalam continuous tense dengan makna yang berbeda.